History of Delhi Sultanate - All Dynasties Full Information (Indian History)

Delhi Sultanate - All Dynasties

The first dynasty to occupy the Delhi Sultanate was the Ghulam dynasty. The Ghulam dynasty was founded by Qutubuddin Aibak, a slave of Muhammad Ghori.

Dynasties and Chief Rulers of Delhi Sultanate

Slave Dynasty - 1206 AD to 1280 AD
Qutbuddin Aibak	1206-10 A.D.
Aram Shah	1210 A.D. (up to 8 months),
Shamsuddan Iltutamash	1210-36 AD.
Ruknuddin Ferozeshah	1236 A.D.
Razia Sultan	1236-40 AD.
Muijuddin Bahram Shah	1240-42 AD.
Sultan Alauddin Masood Shah	1242-46 A.D.
Nasiruddin Mehmood	1246-65 A.D.
Ghyasuddan Balban	1286-87 A.D.
Khilji Dynasty - 1290 AD - 1320 AD
Jalaluddin Khalji	1290-96 AD.
Alauddin Khalji	1296-1316 A.D.
Qutubuddin Mubarak Khalji	1216-20 AD.
Tughaloque Dynasty - 1320 AD - 1398 AD
Ghyasuddin Tughlaq	1320-25 AD.
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq	1325-51 AD.
Feroz Shah Tughlaq	1351-88 AD.
Syed Dynasty - 1414 AD-1451 AD
Khizr Khan	1414-20 AD.
Mubarak Shah	1421-33 AD.
Muhammad Shah	1434-43 AD.
Alauddin Shah Alam	1443-51 AD.
Lodhi Dynasty - 1451 AD-1526 AD
Bahlol Lodhi	1451-89 AD.
Sikandar Lodhi	1489-1517 A.D.
Ibrahim Lodhi	1517-1526 A.D.

Qutbuddin Aibak

• Qutubuddin Aibak took oath in Lahore, later made Delhi his capital, and established the Delhi Sultanate.

• Impressed by Qutbuddin's charity, Minhaj called him Lakh Bakhsh.

• Bakhtiar Khilji, a general of Qutubuddin Aibak, destroyed the ancient Nalanda University.

• Aibak died by falling from a horse while playing Chaugan (polo). He was buried in Lahore.

• Turks who came to India by Habibullah have been termed as Mamluks (slaves).

• Muhammad Ghori conferred Qutbuddin Aibak with the title of Malik.

• Scholars like Hasan Nizami and Fakhimuddabir were gems of Qutubuddin's court.

Iltutmish

• Iltutmish (Aibak's slave and son-in-law) ascended the throne after killing Aramshah.

• Iltutmish is believed to be the real founder of the Delhi Sultanate.

• Iltutmish first issued pure Arabic coins, tanka (silver) and Jital (copper).

• Iltutmish initiated the Ikta system in India.

• Iltutmish formed an organization of 40 slave chieftains by the name of Turkan-i-Chihalgan.

• Mustafir al-Imam Mustansir Billah, the Khalifa of Baghdad, legally recognized the post of Iltutmish in 1228 and conferred it with the title of emir-ul-Momin, the head of the Khalifa and the assistant of the Khalifa.

Ruknuddin Firoz

After the death of Iltutmish, Ruknuddin Feroze was ruled for a few days, but due to his disqualification, the Turkish rich placed Razia Begum on the throne of Delhi.

Razia Sultan

• Razia was the first woman to become the Sultan of Delhi.

• Razia renounced the curtain and took part in the court proceedings, wearing a Kaaba (Choga) and an ax-like men.

• Habsi Ghulam Jamaluddin Yakut of Abyssinia was honored by Razia as Amir-e-Aakhur and Malik Hasan Ghori as the commander-in-chief.

• Razia married Altunia.

• He was killed by bandits near Kaithal.

Alauddin Shah

After Razia, Baharam Shah and Alauddin Shah became rulers for a short period.

Balban

• Balban installed Nasiruddin Mahmud as the overthrow of Alauddin Masood Shah.

• Balban was a slave of Iltutmish.

• Nasiruddin Mahmud conferred Balban with the title of Ulugh Khan and appointed Naib-e-Mamlikat (Prime Minister) of the Sultanate and handed over the real power of governance in his hands.

• Turkan-i-Chihalgan was destroyed by Balban.

• Balban sat on the throne of Delhi in the name of Gyashuddin Balban and successfully protected him from Mongol invasions. Balban carried on traditions such as Sijda and Pabos in his court.

• Balban propounded a new theory of kingship and declared himself a descendant of the Iranian hero Afrasiyab.

• Nauroz festival based on Persian customs started by Balban.

• Balban formed Diwan-i-Arj (Central Military Department) and Diwan-i-Barid (Central Intelligence Department).

• In the court of Balban, there used to be poets like Amir Khusro and Amir Hasan.

• Shamshuddin Kaimors was the last ruler of the Ghulam dynasty.

Khilji Dynasty - Jalaluddin Khilji

Jalaluddin Khalji ended the Ghulam dynasty and established the Khalji dynasty.

Jalaluddin established his capital at Kilokhari.

Alauddin Khilji

• Jalaluddin Khalji's nephew Alauddin Khalji murdered him and became the Sultan of Delhi himself.

• Alauddin is called as Ali or Gurshap in childhood.

• Ala-ud-din Khalji was the first Sultan to challenge the superiority of the Khalifa and to have his name carved on the coins.

• Jalaluddin Khalji conferred Alauddin with the title Amir-e-Tunuk.

• Alauddin Khalji was the first Sultan who formed the PermanentStanding Army and started the practice of paying cash to the army.

• Alauddin Khalji started the practice of writing Yuliya of soldiers and firing horses. Alauddin implemented the market control policy in the economic sector and raised the rate of land revenue to ½ part of the total yield.

• Alauddin was the ruler who increased the state's share in the Khamas (wealth of plunder) by 4.

• Malik Kafur led Alauddin's military operations in South India.

• The ruler who propounded the divine doctrine of kingship was Alauddin. He held the title of Sikandar-e-Sani.

• Amir Khusro who invented instruments like sitar and tabla was the court poet of Alauddin. Alauddin conferred Amir Khusro with the title of Tuti-e-Hind.

• Alauddin converted the land given under milk, gift, and waqf into Khalsa (state land) under the revenue reforms.

• Alauddin Khalji imposed two new taxes on grazing (on milch animals) and Garhi (on houses and huts) during his reign.

Qutbuddin Mubarak Khilji

After the death of Alauddin, Qutubuddin Mubarak Khalji ascended the throne, who was a corrupt ruler.

Mubarak Khalji was murdered by his wazir Khushro Khan.

Tughlaq Dynasty - Ghyashuddin Tughlaq

By defeating Khushro Khan, Ghazi Malik or Ghyashuddin Tughlaq established the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty over the Delhi Sultanate. He thwarted the Mongols invasion 29 times.

Ghiyasuddin arranged for irrigation in his empire and was probably the first ruler to build canals.

Ghiyashuddin established a new city in Tughlakabad in the Roman style. A fort named Chhappankot was also built in this city. The city is located near Delhi.

Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq

• After the death of Gyashuddin Tughlaq, Jauna Khan ascended the throne of Delhi and became famous in history as Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.

• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was the most educated, learned, and able ruler of the medieval period, but he could not make a significant place in history due to his whimsical schemes.

• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq established the Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi (Department of Agriculture).

• Ibn Batuta, a resident of Morocco, was appointed Qazi of Delhi by Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq in 1333 AD.

• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq sent Ibn Batuta as ambassador to China in 1342 AD.

• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq composed a book called Insha-e-Mahru.

• In 1341 AD, the Chinese emperor Toganatimukh sent an ambassador asking Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq for permission to renovate the Buddhist temples of Himachal Pradesh.

• During the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, two brothers named Harihar and Bukka established the independent kingdom of Vijayanagar in 1336 AD.

• Alauddin Bahman Shah established the independent Bahmani empire in Maharashtra in 1347 AD, it was also the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.

• Kanha Nayak declared Warangal as an independent state during the reign of Muhammad bin Bin Tughlaq.

• There were many revolts during the rule of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq - the revolt of Kada-Nizam, the revolt of Bidar-Saheb Sultan, and the rebellion of Ali Shah in Gulbarga.

• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq died in Thatta. On his death, historian Ziauddin Barani writes - "Finally the people got freedom from him, and he got from the people".

• Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was the first Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate to visit the shrine of Sheikh Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer.

5 controversial plans of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq

1. Daulatabad transfer of capital Delhi,
2. Rate of land revenue in Doab region to ½ part of total yield,
3. The prevalence of copper and bronze in place of gold and silver, Tokencurrency
4. Karachil's failed campaign,
5. Khorasan's failed campaign.

Firoz Tughlaq

• Firoz Tughlaq was a cousin of Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. After the death of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, he was crowned as the next Sultan at Thatta.

• Feroze's coronation was once again held in Delhi in August 1351 AD.

• According to Futuhat-e-Firozshahi, Firoz changed the revenue system by abolishing 24 annoying taxes, leaving only 4 taxes Kharaj (Langan), Jaziya (tax charged from non-Muslims), Khams (spoils of war), Zakat (tax collected from Muslims), etc. was mainly kept in circulation.

• Feroze Tughlaq was the first Muslim ruler to impose a jizya tax on Brahmins.

• Feroze Tughlaq established the irrigation department to improve agriculture and impose 1/10 of the total yield on irrigated land, Haq-e-Sharb (irrigation tax).

• Firoz Tughlaq built 5 big canals, the most important being the Ulugh Khani canal through which the water of Yamuna reaches Hisar.

• Firoz Tughlaq established 300 new cities including Hisar, Firozabad, Fatehabad, Jaunpur, and Firozpur.

• Firoz Tughlaq shifted two pillars located at Ashoka's Khizrabad (Topra) and Meerut and shifted it to Delhi.

• Firoz Tughlaq established the Diwan-i-Khairat (Charities Department) for orphaned Muslim women, widows, and girls.

•  During the reign of Firoz Tughlaq, the Sultan the Sultanate had the highest number of slaves (about 1,80, ), he established the Diwan-i-Vandagan (Slave Department) for them.

• Firoz Tughlaq opened a Khairati Hospital, named Dar-ul-Safa, near Delhi.

• Feroze Tughlaq, with a mixture of silver and copper, introduced coins like Sashagani, Adha, and Vikh.

• Feroz Tughlaq wrote his autobiography Fatuhat-e-Firozshahi.

• Scholars like Shams-e-Shiraz Afiq and Ziauddin Barani enjoyed patronage in the court of Feroze Tughlaq.

• Feroz Tughlaq got a Persian translation of some of the 1300 texts looted from the library of the Jwalamukhi temple by the Persian scholar Azudin Khadilkhani by the name of Dalaayle Ferozshahi.

• Khan-e-Jahan Tomb of Telangani is compared to Omar-Masjid in Jerusalem. The said mausoleum was built during the period of Feroze Tughlaq.

• Ferozeshah Kotla Durg based in Delhi was built by Feroz Tughlaq.

Nasiruddin Mehmood Tughlaq

Nasiruddin Mahmud Tughlaq was the last ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. During this reign, Timur Lang invaded India in 1398 AD.

Jaunpur was declared an independent state during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud by a eunuch named Malik Shershak.

Syed Dynasty - Khizr Khan

After the Tughlaq dynasty, the rule of the Sayyid dynasty over Delhi was founded by Khizr Khan, the commander of Taimurlang.

The Sayyid dynasty ruled for 37 years in which rulers like Mubarak Shah, Muhammad Shah, and Alauddin Shah Alam ruled.

Khizr Khan kept himself satisfied with the title of Raiyat-e-Ala.

Yahya-bin-Ahmad Sirhindi who composed Tithi-e-Mubarak Shahi found patronage in Mubarak Shah's court.

Alauddin Shah Alam

The last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty was Sultan Alauddin Shah Alam.

Lodhi Dynasty - Bahlol Lodi

The credit of establishing the first Afghan state in Delhi goes to Bahlol Lodhi. He founded the Lodhi dynasty.

Bahlol Lodhi assumed the title of Shah Ghazi and introduced Bahlol coins.

Sikandar Lodi

• Sultan Sikandar Lodhi, the ruler of the Lodhi dynasty, built the city of Agra and established his capital here.

• Sikandar Lodhi introduced Gaj-e-Sikandari for the measurement of land.

• Sikandar Lodhi composed poems in the Persian language under the name of Gulrukhi. At his command, the Ayurvedic treatise was translated into Persian under the name Farhange Sikandari.

• Sikandar Lodhi prohibited women from visiting the tomb of the Pirs and saints and the removal of the tazia by the Muslims.

• During the reign of Sikandar Lodhi, Lajjat-e-Sikandarshahi, a well-known treatise of song lore, was composed.

• The Wazir of Sikandar Lodhi built the Moth Mosque in 1500 AD.

• After Alexander Lodhi, Ibrahim Lodi became the ruler who was the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

Ibrahim Lodhi

• In the court of Ibrahim Lodhi, the creator of Majkhana Afghana Ahmed Yadgar was patronized.

• Ibrahim Lodhi introduced the use of double domes and Ragels in building construction.

• Zahiruddin Muhammad Babar of Fargana defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat on 21 April 1526, ending the Lodhi dynasty rule over Delhi.

Sultanate Administration

• The Delhi Sultanate was a religious monarchy based on religion and military power. During the entire Sultanate period, Islam was revered as Rajdharma.

• The Sultan was the head of all the departments of governance.

• The Sultan used to have a Council of Ministers called Majlis-e-Khalwat to assist him in governance.

• However, the advice of Majlis-e-Khalwat was not binding on the Sultan.

• Most of the work of Sultan Raj-Kaj was done in Bar-e-Azam (Jan-Sabha Hall).

• The following major ministries are mentioned in the Sultanate period.

• Ministry of Finance - It was the most important department; it was headed by the wazir.

• Apart from the Finance Ministry, the Wazir (Chief Minister) was also the head of intelligence, post, charitable institutions, and factories.

• Apart from the above departments, Alauddin Khalji set up a separate department Dewan-e-Mustakharaj under the Ministry of Finance to keep track of the excess tax surplus.

• Jalaluddin Khalji established a department called Diwan-e-Wakuf under the Diwan-i-Vizrat whose task was to look after the income-expenditure papers.

• For the proper system of administration, the entire state was divided into 20 to 25 states.

• Bengal, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Malwa, Khan Desh, and Deccan, etc. were important states (provinces) during the Khilji and Tughlaq periods.

• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq formed a new province called Tirhut in the northern part of Bihar.

• Governance in the provinces was governed by Naib, Wali, or Mukti.

• In the 18th century, the Sultans divided the Sultanate into military zones, which were called Ikta or Akta. The head of Iqta was a powerful military officer called Mukti.

• In the 13th century, the administration of provinces and Qtas was not divided into small units.

• The expansion of the Sultanate in the 14th century led to the formation of Shiks (districts).

• The ruler of Shikak used to be Amil or Nazim.

• The ruler of a city or group of 100 villages was called Amir-e-Sada.

• The smallest unit of governance was the village, whose rule was in the hands of Mukadam, Khut, and Chaudhary.

• However, Moroccan Ibn Batuta considered Saadi (group of 100 villages) to be the smallest unit of administration.

• There were also patwari and Karkoon (writers) in villages to provide assistance to Mukadam (Mukhiya).

• Mutsarif, Karkoon, Balhar, Muqaddam, Chaudhi, Patwari, and Piyada, etc. were there to assist Amir-e-Sada in the city administration.

• According to Islam, the five sources of state income in Shara mention Usher, Khiraj, Zakat, Khams, and Jiziya.

• Usher was charged from Muslims while Khiraj was a tax charged from non-Muslims.

• Zakat was a type of religious tax, charged by non-Muslims.

• Jaziya was a tax levied from the Hindus and the Khams were the state's share in the plunder.

• In addition to the above taxes, the state also had income from mines, land-locked money, export-import tax, excise tax, travel tax, pasture tax, house tax, unclaimed property and irrigation tax, etc.

• Muslims had to pay tax at the rate of 2.5% on their merchandise and 5% on Hindus.

• The Sultan was the Chief Justice of the Sultanate.

• The Sultan used to hold the rank of Qazi-ul-Kujat and in addition to the Sultan, he also used to give decisions in top-level lawsuits.

• Local panchayats settled disputes in towns and villages.

• Justice was done according to the rules of the Quran and Shara (Islamic traditions).

• There were four courts of Vali, Qazi-e-Suba, Diwan-e-Suba, and Sadre-Suba, etc. in the judiciary of the provinces.

• There are four sources of Islamic law - Quran (source of administrative laws), Hadith (utterances of the Prophet), Ijma (legal source based on interpretation given by Mujtahid), and law based on Kaya's logic and analysis).

• The lecturers of Islamic laws were called Mujtahids.

• In the Sultanate period, there were basically two types of army.

• Hashim-e-Kalb - The soldiers who were appointed by the Sultan and were under him.

• The army appointed by the feudatories and provincials of Hashm-e-Atarf-Sultan.

• Dewan-i-Ariz was tasked with recruiting soldiers, arranging their salaries, keeping details of their Yuliya, arranging their weapons and logistics.

• Initially, soldiers and generals were paid salaries as jagirs, but Alauddin ended this practice and started giving them cash payments from the treasury.

• The army was formed on the basis of the decimal method. A troop of 10 cavalrymen used to be Sar-e-Khail, one soldier above 10 Sar-e-Khail, one rich above 10 Siphalsaras.

• There was a Malik above the 10 Amirs and a Khan above the 10 Malikas.

• Qutub Minar was built in memory of Khwaja Moinuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.

• Kuwavut Islam Mosque was expanded by Alauddin Khilji.

The following departments were under the Ministry of Finance

• Diwan-e-Visarat-Revenue Department

• Dewan-e-Israf - Audit Department

• Diwan-e-Bhawan-Public Works Department

• Dewan-e-Amir-Kohi-Agriculture Department

• Diwan-i-Risal-Appeal Department

• Diwan-i-Arz-Military Department

• Diwan-e-Insha-graph department

• Diwan-i-Khairat-Daan Department

• Diwan-i-Vandagan-Das Department

• Diwan-i-Isifaq-Pension Department

Chief Union Minister and Officers

Naib wazir	Wazir's assistant.
Musharif-e-Mumalik	Its task was to keep an account of the accounts received from the province and various departments.
Mustaukee-e-Mumalik	Investigator of Musharif's account.
Majmu Adar	The officer who keeps the income-expenditure right.
Khajin	Cashier
Ariz-e-Mumalik	Minister of the Army.
Qazi-ul-Kujat	Chief Justice.
Sard-us-Sudoor	He was the chairman of the Department of Religion and the Department of State Donations also came under him.
Vakeel-e-Dar	Manager of the personal services of the Sultan.
Amir-e-Hajib	Officials implementing the rules of courtesy etiquette.
Sarajaandaar	The hero of the Sultan's organ guards.
Amir-e-Akhur	President of the Equestrian.
Shehna-e-Peel	President of the workshop.
Buried	Detective

Alauddin Khilji's Market-Control System

Alauddin Khalji controlled the markets and fixed the value of daily use goods. It was a unique experiment for that era. We get its information from Ziauddin Barani's Fatwa-e-Jahandari.

Alauddin divided the markets into 3 parts -

1. Market of food grains,
2. Sarai-e-Adal - a market for clothing and manufactured goods,
3. Animal and slave market - Market of horses, cattle, and slaves.

Department and Officer

Alauddin entrusted the entire system of market control to the Diwan-i-Riyasat (Commerce Minister) and appointed his trusted Amir Yakub to this post.

Shehna-e-Mandi	Market Superintendent
Muhatasib	Censor officer
Barida	Detectives who reach near the 'city' by collecting information from time to time
Munhian	Staying in one place of the market secret information supplier staff
Parvana Navis	Permit officer
Nazir	Measuring officer

The specialty of the market - the sultan got the brokers out of the market, a very strict policy was adopted with the black marketers, stricter penalties were imposed against those weighing less or charging more.

* Most historians believe that this system was applicable only in Delhi.

Chief Officers of the Sultanate Period

• Head of Wazir Revenue Department

• Head of the 'Ariz-e-Mamaalik' military department

• 'Varid-e-Khas' chief of royal correspondence

• Head of the 'Sadr-us-Far' religion and charity department

• 'Qazi-ul-Qajat' supreme officer of justice

• Head of 'Varyd-e-Mumalik' Intelligence Department

• 'Mushrif-e-Mumalik' Accountant General

• 'Mustafi-e-Mumalik' Auditor General

• Investigator of those who meet the 'Amir-e-Hajib' Sultan

• 'Sar-e-Jandar' Sultan's organ guard officer

• 'Amir-e-Majlis' used to administer royal festivals and banquets.

Major department their functions

• 'Diwan-i-Bakuf' was founded by Jalaluddin Khilji and see the work expenditure department of Diwan-i-Bakuf

• Market Policy of 'Diwan-i-Riyasat' Alauddin Khilji

• 'Diwan-i-Arj' Balban works for Military Department

• 'Dewan-e-Amirgohi' Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq Department of Agriculture

•  'Dewan-e-Mustafraj' Alauddin Revenue Department

• 'Diwan-e-Bandgah' (for slaves) Ferozeshah Tughlaq

• 'Diwan-i-Khairt' (Donation Department) Ferozeshah Tughlaq

• 'Diwan-i-Isfaqq' (Pension) Ferozeshah Tughlaq

• 'Diwan-e-Bhawan' (Public Works Department) Firoz Shah Tughlaq

Major Sultanate Taxes

• Land tax to be charged from 'Ushr' Muslims

• 'Kharaj' landlord from non-Muslims

• Money received from 'Khams' loot

• 'Jijia' religious tax to be charged from non-Muslims

• 'Zakat' religious tax to be charged from Muslims

Important Terminology of the Sultanate

• 'Aqta' or 'Iqta' is a land of free rent to be given to military officers

• Land of 'Italaki' sultan

• 'Khalsa land' state land

• Tax-free land given to 'milk' clusters

• Work is the revenue-free land given for religious work,

•  Measurement of 'land',

• 'Hasm-e-Qat' Central Army, Hasm-e-Atarf 'Provincial Army,

Sultanate period military unit

• Sarkhel 'the ten cavalry chieftain,

• Warlord 'ten Sarkhel chief,

• The chief of the ten warlords,

• Malik 'head of the ten rich,

• Head of khan 'das malik,

• "Sultan" was the supreme commander of Dus Khan.

Important constructions of the Sultanate period

Name of Building	The Creator	Related facts
Kubbat-ul-Islam Mosque	Qutbuddin Aibak	It was first a Jain temple and later a Vishnu temple. This mosque was built in 1197 AD. First architecture built in Indo-Islamic style in place of Raipithaura Fort in Delhi. Iltutmish and Alauddin Khilji expanded it.
Two and a half day Hut	Qutbuddin Aibak	Built-in Ajmer in 1200 AD, there was formerly a monastery or Bihar. On its wall are excerpts from the Sanskrit drama Harikeli composed by Vigraharaj IV.
Qutub Minar	Started by Qutbuddin Aibak	Started in 1911 AD and completed by Iltutmish in 1232 AD, probably it got its name from Sufi saint Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. Its balcony is connected to the tower by the technique of 'Stalactite Honey Coming', on its base, an archive finds the name of Fazl ibn Abul Mali. Due to the electric shock, one of its floors was damaged and along with getting it repaired, Firoz Tughlaq also added another fifth floor. It was repaired by Alexander Lodi in 206 AD Now its height is 24 feet (Initially it was made 4 story and 125 feet).
Iltutmish's Tomb	Iltutmish	An orbital tomb in Delhi (1234 AD) made of red stone has a mixture of Hindu and Islamic architecture.
Sultan Garhi	Iltutmish	The tomb of his eldest son Nasiruddin was built by Iltutmish in 1231 AD. The first mausoleum built in India. Iltutmish is said to be the originator of the tomb style.
Hauz-e-Shamsi and Shamsi Idgah	Iltutmish	Both the buildings are located in Badaun.
Balban's Tomb	Balban	For the first time, real arches were used in it. This arch was based on triangular dot stones and a Mundar stone.
Alai Darwaza	Alauddin Khilji	This was the southern entrance of the Kuwawat-ul-Islam Mosque, for the first time in the scientific method based on triangular dot stones, the dome was built, this was the first time a horseshoe-shaped Mehra was made. Regarding the Alai Darwaza, Marshall has said, 'Alai Darwaza is the most beautiful diamond in the treasure of Islamic architecture. This building is of red stone, it has a lot of decoration from the verses of the Quran.
Thousand Sithun (Palace of Thousand Pillars)	Alauddin Khilji	Built-in 1303 AD located near the city called Siri near Delhi.
Jamaat Khana Mosque	Alauddin Khilji	It was first a Jain temple and later a Vishnu temple. This mosque was built in The largest of the then mosques is the first such mosque which is built according to the perfect Islamic views, it is located near the Dargah of Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi, which is made of red stone. AD. First architecture built in Indo-Islamic style in place of Raipithaura Fort in Delhi. Iltutmish and Alauddin Khilji expanded it.
Hauz-e-Alai	Alauddin Khilji	It is located in Delhi, it is also called Hauz-e-Khas.
Fort of Siri	Alauddin Khilji	Built-in Delhi in 1303 AD, for protection from Mongol invasion
Kubat-ul-Islam Mosque	Mubarak Shah Khilji	Located in Bharatpur Rajasthan.